Healthline Aerosol Medicine provides this list of
references on the above named topic as a convenience to respiratory
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Levalbuterol
Page CP, Morley J. Contrasting
properties of albuterol stereoisomers.
J Allergy Clin Immunology 1999 Aug;104(2 Pt 2):S31-41
Mitra S, Ugur M, Ugur O,
Goodman HM, McCullough JR, Yamaguchi H. (S)-Albuterol
increases intracellular free calcium by muscarinic receptor
activation and a phospholipase C-dependent mechanism on airway
smooth muscle. Mol Pharmacol 1998 Mar;53(3):347-54
Cho SH, Hartleroad JY, Oh CK.
(S)-albuterol increases the production of
histamine and IL-4 in mast cells. Int Arch Allergy Immunol
2001 Apr;124(4):478-84
Baramki D, Koester J, Anderson
AJ, Borish L. Modulation of T-cell function
by (R)- and (S)-isomers of albuterol: anti-inflammatory
influences of (R)-isomer are negated in the presence of the
(S)-isomer. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002 Mar;109(3):449-54
Nelson, HS. Clinical
experience with levalbuterol. I Allergy Clin Immunol
1999 Aug;104(2 Pt 2):S77-84
Frohock JI, Wijkstrom-Frei C,
Salathe M. Effects of albuterol enantiomers
on ciliary beat frequency in ovine tracheal epithelial cells.
J Appl Physiol 2002 Jun;92(6):2396-402
Handley, D. The asthma-like
pharmacology and toxicology of (S)-isomers of beta agonists. J
Allerg Clin Immunol 1999 Aug;104(2 Pt 2):S69-76
Truitt TJ, Witko J, Kotter S,
Gordon J. Levalbuterol reduces total and
breakthrough treatments in hospitalized patients. Am J Respir
Crit Care Med 2000; 161(3):A553
Graves MR. Levalbuterol &
racemic albuterol: a comparison study. Respir Care
2000;45(8):1022
Truitt T, Witko J.
Levalbuterol improves pharmacoeconomic endpoints
in hospitalized
patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163(5):A644
Carl JC, Myers T, Kercsmar CM.
Comparison of levalbuterol and racemic
albuterol for treatment of acute asthma in the emergency
department. American Academy of Pediatrics National Conference
and Exhibition, October 20-24, 2001, San Francisco, CA:
Emergency Medicine Oral Session, Friday, October 19, 2001.
Truitt T, Witko J, Halpern M.
Levalbuterol compared to racemic albuterol.
Chest 2003;123:128-135
Nowak R. Single-isomer
levalbuterol: a review of the acute data. Curr
Allergy Asthma Rep 2003 Mar;3(2):172-178.
Costello J. Prospects for
improved therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease by the use of levalbuterol. J Allergy Clin Immunol
1999 Aug;104(2 Pt 2)S61-8
Handley DA, Tinkelman D,
Noonan M, Rollins TE, Snider ME. Dose-response
evaluation of levalbuterol versus racemic albuterol in
patients with asthma. Asthma 2000 Jun;37(4):319-27
Nelson, HS, Bensch G, Pleskow
WW, DiSantostefano R, DeGraw S, Reasner
DS, Rollins TE, Rubin PD. Improved bronchodilation with
levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol in patients with
asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1998;102:943-52
Ganey V. Procedure for using
Xopenex® aerosol therapy. Cardiopulmonary
Services Halifax Regional Hospital 2002, January
Dunlap D, Moser RD. Xopenex®/albuterol
protocol. Respiratory Care [dept],
St Elizabeth Medical Center Covington/Edgewood, Williamstown
KY. August 12, 2002.
Gawchik SM, Saccar CL, Noonan
M, Reasner DS, DeGraw S. The safety and
efficacy of nebulized levalbuterol compared with racemic
albuterol and placebo in the treatment of asthma in pediatric
patients. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:615-21.
Levalbuterol reference list
courtesy of Bill Farnham RRT, Specialist, Respiratory Care
Services, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville,
TN USA
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